See separate data sheet. Match case Limit results 1 per page. RIW Cementseal is a cement-based, polymer-modified, two-component, coating that acts as a waterproofing agent. pdf. pdf. Granules are chemically treated sodium bentonite granules, which are used as a detailing accessory product, with the Structureseal system. pdf. Provides efficient sealing of horizontal. Enquire Now. See separate data sheet. RIW Structureseal Data Sheet. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture:Waterproofing. Cavity Drain; Double Drain; Plaster Drain; Sump Pumps/Aqua Channel; Movement Joints. RIW Structureseal is a high performance waterproofing membrane that consists of sodium bentonite clay sandwiched between two layers of geotextile. RIW Gas Seal GR DPC: Gas resistant damp proof course/ cavity tray, 450, 600 or 900 mm wide. 4 RIW Granules are supplied in 20 kg bags. net Lodge Farm Hook Road North Warnborough Hook Hampshire…Heviseal. A full list of data sheets, including liquid applied systems, DPC & Cavity Trays and many more PDFs - available to view online or download. RIW Sheetseal GR Data Sheet. Factory control thickness. 2. About Us; Products + Browse by application. -- Choose an option -- Waterproofing above ground level. Contact us: 01344 397777 technical@riw. Accessories: RIW Waterstop, RIW Sealing Compound and RIW Granules. Cementjoint;A full list of data sheets, including liquid applied systems, DPC & Cavity Trays and many more PDFs - available to view online or download. Buy Sealing Compound Materials insulating in Bracknell United Kingdom — from RIW, Ltd. Bend over at the waist and grip the bar with an overhand grip. pdf. British Standard BS 8102, the Code of Practice for waterproofing of below ground structures has recently been updated to reflect new practices and materials, provide increased clarity and ensure higher quality waterproofing designs and installations. freephone: 0800 047 6775 menu menuRIW Gas Seal HC • Gas Seal Tape HC • Lap Tape RB • Preformed Gas Cloaks • Gas seal Pipe Collars • Gas Seal GR DPC • Geo-fleece CI/SfB Tn6 L14143 February 2017. Tough Waterproof Coating membranes, Sealing Compound is generally applied as a 5 x 50mm bead, central in a 150mm lap. 1 2. Reviews: 0. Type: Foams Mastics Sealants: Applications: Doors Windows: Composition: Acrylic Polymer-based: Characteristics: Expanding Fire resistant Intumescent:RIW Cementfill HB – a waterproof high build repair mortar for profiling and providing fillets. Excellent elongation at break. 9 company wide current stock level. Sealing Compound - a trowel grade sodium bentonite compound, used as a detailing mastic around penetrations and corner. Address. RIW STRUCTURESEAL Structureseal is a highly effective waterproofing composite, of high strength green coloured geotextile, and sodium bentonite. SKU: 014sc15. Totally waterproof. When designing Type A structures (as classified in BS8102:2009), the product applied correctly, is capable of providing the levels of protection. RIW SEALING COMPOUND & GRANULES Sealing Compound is a trowel-grade, sodium bentonite/butyl-rubber based sealant, designed for use with the Structureseal system. RIW Gas Seal Tape . Our Products. BENEFITS l Pre-applied tanking systems l Suitable for wet weather and low temperature applications l Quick and easy to apply l Does not require additional drainage or protection l Primers. Concrete Mould Oil / Debonding Compound. Primer/ curing agent RIW Cementseal Primer: An environmentally friendly, multi-functional water based compound, formulated on an aqueous acrylic copolymer. RIW Cementseal is a two component polymer modified cement based waterproof concrete sealer coating with excellent adhesion to prepared concrete and masonry substrates. £ 0. RIW SEALING COMPOUND & GRANULES Sealing Compound is a trowel-grade, sodium bentonite/butyl-rubber based sealant, designed for use with the Structureseal system. 2. Range of cold applied, self adhesive. See separate data sheet. Leak Sealing; Resin and Concrete Flooring. pdf. DOP Cemtop GP November 2014. RIW Sealing Compound / Granules Data Sheet. pdf. 3. U. 2. (0 customer review) Add a review. From £262. Typical installations include floors, retaining walls and similar uncluttered surfaces. A full list of data sheets, including liquid applied systems, DPC & Cavity Trays and many more PDFs - available to view online or download. Separate damp proof membrane not required. CONSTRUCTION IMPORTANT NOTES 1. A full list of data sheets, including liquid applied systems, DPC & Cavity Trays and many more PDFs - available to view online or download. Two colour coded coats. Installed at the bottom of basement walls and linked to the Hydroduct sheet an alternative to a perforated sub soil drainage pipe. The Code is specific about sealing conduits as directed by manufacturer’s instructions using listed damming fiber and sealing compound. RIW Sealing Compound / Granules Data Sheet. Price: £ 696. Granules are chemically treated sodium bentonite granules, which are used as a detailing accessory product, with the Structureseal system. SHOW MOREmembranes, Sealing Compound is generally applied as a 5 x 50mm bead, central in a 150mm lap. Seamless and fully bonded. Contact Us. POA. <p>A CE marked waterproofing composite of high swelling sodium bentonite encapsulated between a non-woven and woven geotextile. The membrane is very flexible and will follow the contours of the RIW products are suitable for a wide range of applications, from basement tanking to at and above ground level waterproofing. It can be applied in one coat to horizontal areas and in two coats on vertical substrates, speeding up installation programs on fast track construction sites. About Us;. RIW DPM Blue ( Formerly Gas Seal Blue ) 2m x 50m. Category: Business. Sheetseal 226 - a self-adhesive, flexible sheet membrane for reinforcing. 69 per bag. DescriptionRIW Toughseal is a solvent free polymer modified two-pack epoxy coating, available in two colours. Utility pipes and fittings 2;RIW Gas Seal HC • Gas Seal Tape HC • Lap Tape RB • Preformed Gas Cloaks • Gas seal Pipe Collars • Gas Seal GR DPC • Geo-fleece CI/SfB Tn6 L14143 February 2017. All information about RIW, Ltd. , United Kingdom, - enterprise page. See separate data sheet. Totally waterproof. 3. Other materials are also adhered to the Cavity Drain products using Overtape. Excellent tensile adhesion to substrate. 02/3953, covering the use of. DPM Blue; DPM Red; Sheetseal 226RIW Flexiseal Pro or equal and approved RIW 50x50 bead of sealant compound RIW Sheetseal 226x300mm wide JUNCTIONS WITH STRUCTURESEAL-RIW Sheetseal 226 to be overlapped by 150mm onto the applied RIW Structureseal. 1. Accessories: RIW Waterstop, RIW Sealing Compound and RIW Granules. pdf; ESD04 floor wall detail bent. 213 views. See Detail 5. Structural Drainage Systems [{product_related_downloads. Customer Sales 01753 944210. Description. RIW Structureseal system to the underside of the new concrete slab, and RIW Hevisea and sheetseal 226 to the party walls. pdf; DOP Colpor 200PF December 2013. Sealing Compound / Granules; Structureseal; Waterstop; Structural Drainage Systems. Reviews. Products can also be ordered through other Builders Merchants, such as Travis Perkins, Jewson, Gibbs and Dandy or Keyline. Waterproof Foam for Movement Joints. Sheetseal 9000 DPC; Sheet Applied Systems. Products catalog RIW, Ltd. Quick and suitable for horizontal, vertical and overhead applications. Contact information, enterprise essential elements - an address, telephones, fax. Upload: others. RIW Gas Seal Tape: Double-sided self-adhesive butyl tape, 50 mm wide, for sealing between overlaps in the membrane. Visit us at riw. All information about RIW, Ltd. Advice for. RIW Sheetseal 226 to be overlapped by 150mm onto the applied RIW Structureseal. Sealing Compound Sealing Compound is a trowel-grade, sodium bentonite / butyl-rubber based sealant, designed for a variety of surface preparation and waterproofing detail work, for use with the RIW Structureseal system. Cementseal Brush Spray Cementseal is a two component, polymer modified cement based waterproof coating for concrete and masonry, with excellent adhesion to prepared substrates. Description A cold applied, cementitious waterproof coating system that is polymer modified to give excellent adhesion and abrasion resistance. With your shoulders down, head, and chest on the bench, row the barbell towards the bench until your shoulder blades are together or the. See separate data sheet. A full list of data sheets, including liquid applied systems, DPC & Cavity Trays and many more PDFs - available to view online or download. Sheetseal 226 is typically used to provide a water and water vapour barrier in all forms of construction, particularly where large unobstructed areas are to be treated. Welded joints possible. Class 1 Fire rating. BENEFITS l Pre-applied tanking systems l Suitable for wet weather and low temperature applications l Quick and easy to apply l Does not require additional drainage or protection l Primers and adhesives not required APPLICATIONS l Basements and sub. RIW Waterstop Data Sheet. Granules are chemically treated sodium bentonite granules, which are used as a detailing accessory product, with the Structureseal system. Menu. An environmentally friendly, multi-functional water based compound, formulated on an aqueous acrylic copolymer. Allbiz. RIW Limited 487 / 488 Ipswich Road Slough SL1 4EP. RIW Flexiseal 500 HG Data Sheet. Customer Sales 01753 944210. Main. RIW Gas Seal Tape: Double-sided self-adhesive butyl tape, 50 mm wide, for sealing between overlaps in the membrane. 1. Features & Benefits of Toughseal. Cavity Drain; Double Drain;NBS Source is the new home of the NBS National BIM Library - BIM objects and Revit families (free to download). A CE marked waterproofing composite of high swelling sodium bentonite encapsulated between a non-woven and woven geotextile. Along with soil types and water table levels, ground contaminates and gases such as Radon & Methane must be considered when deciding upon a waterproofing design. RIW has a broad range of high performance structural waterproofing products. Sealing Compound / Granules; Structureseal; Waterstop; Structural Drainage Systems. Products by RIW - We help design and project delivery teams keep water and ground gases out of buildings. Find a suitable external tanking waterproofing solution for this or any application below: Download Data Sheets Find your local stockist. A full list of data sheets, including liquid applied systems, DPC & Cavity Trays and many more PDFs - available to view online or download. FLEXISEAL 500 Smoothing Compound – A three-component, reactive, fast curing, high strength repairUnbelievable price on Technical insulation in Bracknell (United Kingdom) company RIW, Ltd. SECTION 6: Accidental release measures 6. The material should be applied in two even coats to give a minimum dry film thickness of 1mm per coat. Quick and easy to apply by hand or spray. SECTION RC Wall RIW Structureseal RIW Sealing Compound 40mm x 40mm Fillet at internal corner RIW Structureseal Horizontal Membrane (RIW Structureseal) to be cut to the profile of piling, etc. Verified 6 months ago . View. RIW 28: RIW Sealing Compound 5. When designing Type A structures (as classified in BS8102:2009), the product applied correctly, is capable of providing the levels of protection. RIW produce a range of ancillary products for use with Structureseal which include: Waterstop - a flexible, expanding bentonite-based waterstop, for use in non-moving concrete construction joints. Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture Burning produces irritating, toxic and obnoxious fumes. Sealing Compound / Granules; Structureseal; Waterstop; Structural Drainage Systems. Concrete Mould Oil / Debonding Compound. POA . Gas Seal HC is a 0. Find a suitable external tanking waterproofing solution for this or any application below: Download Data Sheets Find your local stockist. Self-adhesive, damp-proofing, waterproofing and gas retardant membrane. RIW produce a range of ancillary products for use with Structureseal which include: Waterstop - a flexible, expanding bentonite-based waterstop, for use in non-moving concrete construction joints. Main. Seamless and fully bonded. RIW Structureseal Data Sheet. RIW Cavity Drain R20 Data Sheet. Supplied as an easily applied sheet, it can be cold-applied at temperatures as low as 25°F and can be placed on a variety of concrete surfaces. This product is completely waterproof and protects against water damage up to 100m head of both negative and positive water pressures. Generally, waterproof membranes are installed onto a suitable horizontal blinding layer and vertically to reinforced concrete or masonry sub-structures. Description of first aid measures Eye contact May cause irritation to eyes. See separate data sheet. Fixing on horizontal surfaces: RIW Staples, through laps, at maximum 400 mm centres. RIW Sheetseal 9000 is a key product in our range of high quality polymeric damp proof course materials. CI/SfB Tt4 P741 November 2013Features & Benefits of Gas Seal Black. Wash off immediately with plenty of soap and water. A full list of data sheets, including liquid applied systems, DPC & Cavity Trays and many more PDFs - available to view online or download. BENEFITSRIW Structureseal is a highly effective waterproofing composite, of high strength green coloured geotextile, and sodium bentonite. DPC & Cavity Trays. See separate data sheet. RIW Cementfill WP – a rapid setting waterproof mortar plugging and sealing compound for arresting water ingress. RIW Cementfill HB – a waterproof high build repair mortar for profiling and providing fillets. pdf; ESD02-against existing structure. pdf. Sealing not required. Generally, waterproof membranes are installed onto a suitable horizontal blinding layer and vertically to reinforced concrete or masonry sub-structures. co. RIW has a broad range of high performance structural waterproofing products. Phone: 01753 944200 or Email: technical@riw. A full list of data sheets, including liquid applied systems, DPC & Cavity Trays and many more PDFs - available to view online or download. RIW Structureseal Data Sheet. 4 l Specification Guide to RIW Waterproofing Systems. Bend over at the waist and grip the bar with an overhand grip. See separate data sheet. RIW Toughseal protects against impact and abrasion and is ideal for. Structural Drainage Systems [{product_related_downloads:count}] pdf. It is also suitable for waterproofing foundation walls, ducts, lintels, columns, beams and similar structures at, above and below ground level. pdf; ESD03-3D against existing structure. Sealing Compound is a trowel-grade sodium bentonite/butyl-rubber based sealant, designed for use with Structureseal. Sealing Compound is a trowel-grade, sodium bentonite/butyl-rubber based sealant, designed for use with the. RIW Cavity Drain R7 Data Sheet. When mixed, this concrete and masonry sealer exhibits a good degree of thixotropy to enable ease of application by brush or spray techniques to give an even finish with no. RIW Cementfill WP – a rapid setting waterproof mortar plugging and sealing compound for arresting water ingress. Good tensile strength. Technical number: 01753 944200. pdf. 0 download RIW produce a range of ancillary products for use with Structureseal which include: Waterstop - a flexible, expanding bentonite-based waterstop, for use in non-moving concrete construction joints. pdf. Row the weight up so your. Applied to damp surfaces. Sealing Compound is a trowel-grade, sodium bentonite/butyl-rubberbased sealant, designed for use with the Structureseal system. Noberne Seals Ltd offers a wide range of sealants, foams and mastics including Pyroplex intumescent acrylic sealant, Fireglaze compound and expanding foam. The product chemically reacts with cement, to produce a durable surface seal, which stabilises the substrate and reduces the evaporation of water. Cavitydrain R20, Cavitydrain R7, Gas Seal Black, Gas Seal HC, Sheetseal GR, Structureseal GPT, Sheetseal 9000, Cementjoint, Cementfill FC, Cementfill HB, Cementflex and Cementseal are. Fosroc Nitoseal PU800 is a two-component gun grade elastomeric sealant which provides a tough expy PU seal for limited movement joints. RIW Flexiseal Pro or equal and approved RIW 50x50 bead of sealant compound RIW Sheetseal 226x300mm wide engineering grade brickwork below ground level - JUNCTIONS WITH STRUCTURESEAL-RIW Sheetseal 226 to be overlapped by 150mm onto the applied RIW Structureseal. RIW Cavity Drain R20 Data Sheet. A full list of data sheets, including liquid applied systems, DPC & Cavity Trays and many more PDFs - available to view online or download. RIW Granules - 20kg bag | £ 98. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures Sealing Compound Sealing Compound is a trowel-grade, sodium bentonite / butyl-rubber based sealant, designed for a variety of surface preparation and waterproofing detail work, for use with the RIW Structureseal system. RIW Cementfill WP – a rapid setting waterproof mortar plugging and sealing compound for arresting water ingress. 98 each. RIW Overtape was used to seal the cavity drain membrane at wall/floor, wall/ceiling junctions and around service pipe penetrations. Suitable for horizontal, vertical and overhead applications. Data Sheet. Typically used to provide a water and water vapour proof barrier in areas that require excellent tensile adhesion, chemical resistance and abrasion resistance, such as. Advice for firefighters Wear suitable respiratory equipment when necessary. Toughseal ECO is typically used to provide a water and water- vapour proof barrier, or to give protection against abrasion, fresh and salt water, carbon dioxide, alkalis and dilute mineral acids. Flexiseal PRO, as a system, is used in all situations where a high performance tanking or damp proof membrane is required. Fully compatible with RIW waterproofing systems. Available in 100, 130 and 160 mm diameters. Rest the elbow on your front thigh, making sure the hip closest to the bar is higher than the front hip. RIW Waterstop is an active bentonite based hydrophilic waterstop designed to replace passive PVC/Rubber type waterbars eliminating the requirement of special pieces and seam welding. 1. RIW Gas Seal Tape: Double-sided self-adhesive butyl tape, 50 mm wide, for sealing between overlaps in the membrane. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency proceduresFLEXISEAL 500 Flex Sealant – A two-component, reactive, fast curing flexible sealant consisting of resin and powder initiator, used for sealing of cracks and gaps where low level movement can be expected. Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture Burning produces irritating, toxic and obnoxious fumes. RIW STRUCTURESEAL Structureseal is a highly effective waterproofing composite, of high strength green coloured geotextile, and sodium bentonite. The product should be tightly butt jointed together where it meets, and be covered with Mesh, nailed in place. Suitable for most commonly used backgrounds. RIW produce a range of ancillary products for use with Structureseal which include: Waterstop - a flexible, expanding bentonite-based waterstop, for use in non-moving concrete construction joints. Learn more about its features, benefits and installation methods in this PDF document. CI/SfB Tt4 P741 January 2020RIW Flexiseal Pro or equal and approved RIW 50x50 bead of sealant compound RIW Sheetseal 226x300mm wide 600 engineering grade brickwork below ground level - Floor type FT-8 for build-up please refer to drawing AA022/6. 14 views. About Us;. Row the weight up so your. Features & Benefits of Sheetseal 9000 DPC. Specification Guide: RIW WATERPROOFING SYSTEMS. RIW Sealing Compound 15kg. Match case Limit results 1 per page. RIW Structureseal Data Sheet. 361 JUNCTIONS WITH STRUCTURESEAL • RIW Sheetseal 226 to be overlapped by 150mm onto the applied RIW Structureseal. Sales number: 01753 944210. Home / Lift Pit. See separate data sheet. This product is suitable for use beneath RC concrete structures which extend below ground level including basement structures, or beneath suspended ground floor slabs where required. Enquire Now. Match case Limit results 1 per page. Reviews: 0. Profile. Our Products. Full range of accessories & tailored products. 10 (inc. Specialist Services. Category: Business. Skin contact May cause irritation to skin. co. Granules are chemically treated sodium bentonite. 34 l Specification Guide for RIW Waterproofing Systems RIW SEALING COMPOUND TYPICAL USES Sealing Compound is a trowel grade sodium bentonite/butyl rubber based sealant, and is used with Structureseal for a variety of surface. RIW Waterstop Data Sheet. 25mm x 150mm x 30. NBS Source is the new home of the NBS National BIM Library - BIM objects and Revit families (free to download). DPM Blue is a three-layer loose laid, low-density polyethylene gas barrier. A full list of data sheets, including liquid applied systems, DPC & Cavity Trays and many more PDFs - available to view online or download. SECTION 6: Accidental release measures 6. Do not apply RIW Flexiseal Primer onto RIW Sheetseal 226 or RIW Universal Tape. Apply remaining RIW Sheetseal 226,. The product is designed to relieve hydrostatic pressure, by promoting the flow of ground water away from the face of the structure to land drainage. Self-adhesive butyl tape. 2 Coils of RIW Waterstop , 25 mm by 19 mm, are packaged in cartons. 00. APPLICATION Ensure all surfaces to be lapped are dry and free from dust, grease and other contaminates. The high swelling sodium bentonite is. BENEFITS l Pre-applied tanking…Sealing Compound is a trowel-grade sodium bentonite/butyl-rubber based sealant, designed for use with Structureseal. A full list of data sheets, including liquid applied systems, DPC & Cavity Trays and many more PDFs - available to view online or download. net Lodge Farm Hook Road North Warnborough Hook Hampshire…A full list of data sheets, including liquid applied systems, DPC & Cavity Trays and many more PDFs - available to view online or download. Products. Advice for firefighters Wear suitable respiratory equipment when necessary. membranes, Sealing Compound is generally applied as a 5 x 50mm bead, central in a 150mm lap. Sealing Compound / Granules; Structureseal; Waterstop; Structural Drainage Systems. in Bracknell (United Kingdom). Inferior sealing methods, such as filling a conduit seal with silicone or electrical sealing putty, are unacceptable. button. Vertically the membrane will be mechanically fixed to the Sheet Piles prior to the liner walls being cast. A ‘needle-punch’ process interlocks the geotextiles together through the bentonite, forming an extremely strong composite that maintains a consistent layer of bentonite. VAT) Add to basket. 1mt x 5mt rolls | £ 234. Sealing Compound is a trowel-grade, sodium bentonite/butyl-rubberbased sealant, designed for use with the Structureseal system. Cementseal is a two component, polymer modified Cement based waterproof coating for concrete and masonry, with excellent adhesion to prepared substrates. Specification Guide: RIW WATERPROOFING SYSTEMS; of 31 /31. Structure Seal compound all as per the architect’s drawings. Please refer to RIW Cavity Drain R20 & R7 data sheets for further. Sealing Compound - a trowel grade sodium bentonite compound, used as a detailing mastic around penetrations and corner. RIW has a broad range of high performance structural waterproofing products. RIW Cementfill WP – a rapid setting waterproof mortar plugging and sealing compound for arresting water ingress. Pre - Applied : Apply RIW Structureseal to timber formwork, either horizontally or vertically, by nailing or stapling as required. V. Floor Levelling Compound;. See Detail 5. 00 per pack. Riw spec guide may2014. RIW Structureseal Data Sheet. U. Add your company Login. Structural Drainage Systems [{product_related_downloads:count}] pdf. GBP. Cementjoint;Step 2 — Pull Hard. Environmentally friendly. Structural Drainage Systems [{product_related_downloads. Sales number: 01753 944210. pdf. -Seal together using 50 x 5mm bead of RIW Sealing Compound, in. Quick and easy to install. 1. Granules are chemically treated sodium bentonite granules, which are used as a detailing accessory product, with the Structureseal system. Sealing Compound should not be left exposed for RIW Limited. 3. Advice for firefighters Wear suitable respiratory equipment when necessary. bitumen compound, with a release coated inter-leave. Installed at the bottom of basement walls and linked to the Hydroduct sheet an alternative to a perforated sub soil drainage pipe. RIW Sealing Compound & Granules is a trowel-grade, sodium bentonite/butyl-rubber based sealant, designed for use with the Structureseal system. products and servicesSupport Site Brochure - Free download as PDF File (. When designing Type A structures (as classified in BS 8102:2009), of 6 /6. Fully compatible with RIW waterproofing systems. Sales number: 01753 944210. When designing Type A structures (as classified in BS8102:2009), the product applied correctly, is capable of providing the levels of protection required for Grades 1, 2 & 3. Sealing Compound is a trowel-grade sodium bentonite/butyl-rubber based sealant, designed for use with Structureseal. 2. Accessories: RIW Waterstop, RIW Sealing Compound and RIW Granules. -- Choose an option -- Waterproofing above ground level. To complete the robust waterproofing solution, RIW LAC was installed to the top of capping beams linking from RIW Structureseal via RIW’s Sheetseal 226/sealing compound link detail and vertically to concrete. Sales number: 01753 944210. Polysulphide Sealants; Oil & Fuel Resistant Sealants; Sealants for Sewage Treatment & Waste Water; Fosroc General Building Sealants; Arbo. Typical Uses of Toughseal Eco. pdf; DOP Conbextra EP10 July 2013. Cementjoint;Features & Benefits of DPM Blue. Prevents the transmission of water into water sensitive backgrounds. RIW produce a range of ancillary products for use with Structureseal which include: Waterstop - a flexible, expanding bentonite-based waterstop, for use in non-moving concrete construction joints. RIW . Gas/Radon Resistant. pdf. Features & Benefits of Cementseal. RIW Washers as required, to suit background. When these materials come into contact with water they swell dramatically and seal the area. - Bonding/ Sealing: RIW Sheetseal 226 x 150mm wide. RIW Gas Seal Pipe Collar: Pre-fabricated ‘top-hats' for sealing around pipe penetrations. pdf), Text File (. RIW Cavity Drain Ancillaries Data Sheet. pdf. Menu. Two colour membrane for on-site quality control.